風景融入日常生活--回歸與重生：城市雙修探索與實踐

2017年，中國住房和城鄉建設部提出將“城市雙修”作為城市規劃的指導性理念。城市雙修包含城市修補和生態修復,城市修補指利用織補更新手段，完善城市功能，盤活城市資源，塑造城市特色；生態修復指修復城市破損的生態環境，改善環境質量。
“城市雙修”倡導人與自然的和諧共生，是符合中國當前發展階段的一種城市建設方式。中國的城市發展正處于轉型階段，其特點是從以GDP增長為中心的發展模式轉向以人為本、同時注重規模和質量的新階段。城鎮化正在從數量增長轉變為質的提升，發展正在從投資驅動轉向創新驅動，建設方式正在從單純的城市管理向更全面的城市治理模式轉變。對城鎮化質量的評價越來越強調個人的主觀經驗和感知。在這種情況下，城市建設者要轉變城市發展方式，保護好環境，并提高居民的生活質量。城市變得比以往任何時候都更加智能。在此背景下，“城市雙修”側重于解決國家快速發展留下的創傷，其中包括不受控制的城市擴張導致的環境退化，粗放開發造成的資源浪費、城市功能不足，以及在以經濟為中心的發展模式中出現的缺乏當地文化的同質城市景觀。
“城市雙修”是一種可持續的城市更新方法，是不斷調整人與自然之間，以及人與社會之間關系的過程。隨著我國新型城鎮化戰略的推進，城市發展正從激烈的城市競爭時期轉向區域協調發展時期。作為新時代的指導思想，“城市雙修”強調區域范圍內更廣泛的城市發展，通過最大化管轄空間或超越行政邊界來促進不同規模的城市協調發展，促進產、城、人的進一步融合。這種方法還鼓勵城鄉一體化，形成從鄉村到城鎮再到大城市的連續統一體，利用不同的人口規模促進創新發展和成本優勢，從而為更具創新性的城市發展和增強城市競爭力提供空間。此外，“城市雙修”的城市更新方法能降低生活成本，同時進一步區域的基礎設施建設和公共服務供給，更符合大量中低收入個人的住房和就業需要。
“城市雙修”是推進綠色可持續城市發展、促進生態文明建設、促進全球生態安全的途徑。人們在經歷了疫情、氣候變化和其他各類全球挑戰之后，對更健康的城市生活環境的需求不斷增長。根據聯合國人類住區規劃署《2022年世界城市報告》，城市化仍然是21世紀的發展趨勢，城市的未來與人類的未來交織在一起。韌性發展是城市未來的核心。中國的城市化進程遠未完成，城市居民還面臨著與經濟增長、生活水平和生計相關的各種嚴峻挑戰?！俺鞘须p修”通過加強經濟、社會、環境和制度彈性來應對這些挑戰，以塑造高質量的城市空間，建立強大的產業平臺，并挖掘新的經濟增長動力?！俺鞘须p修”促進了綠色低碳生產方式、生活方式和城市建設運營模式的采用，使城市做好抵御未來各種沖擊的準備，更好地實現可持續發展。
景觀設計是最直接處理人與自然關系的專業，本書收錄了中國城市建設研究院無界景觀工作室近二十年的若干項目實踐，著重探討了在中國經濟轉型時期，景觀設計利用專業技術進行生態恢復和城市修復，在重塑城市、協調區域發展和增強韌性方面所發揮的關鍵作用。在此過程中，景觀設計釋放了全部潛力和價值，為在城市和鄉村景觀中創造整體而持久的美麗做出了重要的貢獻。
在促進城市轉型方面，我們通過探尋因地、因時、因人而異的場地問題的解決方案，恢復人與自然的身心聯系，塑造健康的人居環境。這一探索始于2005年“唐山鳳凰山公園改造"項目，景觀設計從修復被破壞的山體和植被入手，強化了鳳凰山這一城市歷史地標的認知度；同時，建立穿行網絡（路網），模糊城市與公園的邊界，將自然更好地融入市民的日常生活；構建戶外交往場所，衍生出多種休閑活動，以一種“快樂、健康、環?！钡纳罘绞?，緩解、釋放壓力，促進社會和諧，市民成為城市新形象的塑造者和傳遞者。在后來的“鄂爾多斯20+10中小企業園區景觀設計”和“北京中信金陵酒店景觀設計”等項目中，我們也延續了這一設計思路：基于對場地的理解賦予場地性格，創造人與環境之間的最佳關系，建設具有引導性、參與性和吸引力的戶外活動空間，將人們引導向更健康的生活方式。
在協調區域發展方面，我們通過綠道、郊野公園體系建設，形成山水林田湖生態系統和景觀風貌連續體，促進城鄉融合發展。在“漳州郊野公園體系建設和環境整治”項目中，我們將城鄉連續體作為研究對象，從解決具體生態問題入手，采取系統的思維方式，將山、水、林、田、湖、城作為一個有機的生命體，保護鄉土風貌與自然生態格局，建立城鄉融合的一體化空間結構，提升城鎮帶動鄉村的集聚效應和輻射帶動作用，實現城鄉統籌協調發展。在“廈門市海滄區綠道統籌建設”項目中，我們將綠道和城市公共景觀作為綠色基礎設施，保護生態環境，控制城市的無序擴張，建立了一個能夠整合各種資源，使城市一體化發展的平臺。景觀設計在解決生態問題的同時延續地域文化，帶動文教、體育、旅游等產業發展，引導公眾參與城市建設，培養市民健康積極的生活方式。
在加強韌性建設方面，我們通過景觀統籌、多專業協作，進行綠色基礎設施、海綿城市等的建設，高效利用土地資源，探索高質量發展、低自然消耗的城市建設模式。在“重慶兩江新區悅來新城后河環境綜合整治工程”和“湖南益陽市梓山湖片區規劃設計”項目中，我們通過景觀設計統籌流域綜合整治、海綿城市、生態景觀、市政綜合管網、智能監控監測等內容，建設綠色市政基礎設施，探索新城建設模式，高效利用土地資源。
二十大報告提出，現階段我國社會的主要矛盾是“人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發展之間的矛盾”?！俺鞘须p修”理念提倡一種更加細致和人性化的城市發展模式，更加強調尊重基層社會需求和創造振興機會。在景觀設計工作中，我們將繼續探索有效的策略，以協調個人與環境之間以及個人與社會之間的關系。我們的目標是實現環境保護與社會經濟發展之間的平衡，并為全球尤其是廣大發展中國家的城市化和可持續發展提供可借鑒的解決方案。

中國城市建設研究院無界景觀工作室
2023年10月


In 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples Republic of China proposed "dual urban regeneration" as a guiding concept for urban planning. Dual urban regeneration includes urban repair and ecological restoration. Urban repair involves utilizing innovative renewal strategies to enhance urban functionality, revitalize urban resources, and shape distinctive urban characteristics. On the other hand, ecological restoration focuses on repairing the damaged urban ecosystem and improving environmental quality.
Dual urban regeneration is an approach aligned with Chinas current stage of development, advocating for a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature in urban construction. China is in the midst of an urban transformation marked by a shift from a development model centered on GDP growth to a new phase that prioritizes people and emphasizes both scale and quality. Urbanization is transitioning from quantitative growth to qualitative improvement, development is shifting from being investment-driven to innovation-driven, and construction approaches have evolved from mere urban management to a more comprehensive model of urban governance. The evaluation of urbanization quality increasingly emphasizes the subjective experiences and perceptions of individuals. In this context, dual urban regeneration focuses on addressing the wounds left by the rapid development of the country, These include issues such as environmental degradation resulting from uncontrolled urban sprawl, wasteful resource consumption due to extensive development, insufficient urban functions, and the emergence of homogeneous cityscapes devoid of local culture in an economy-centric development model.
Dual urban regeneration represents a sustainable approach to urban renewal that requires ongoing adjustments in the relationships between people and nature, as well as between people and society. With the progress of a new urbanization strategy, urban development in China is shifting from a period of intense urban competition to one of coordinated regional development. Serving as a guiding ideology for this new era, dual urban regeneration places emphasis on broader urban development at a regional scale and the increased integration of industry, cities, and people by maximizing jurisdictional spaces or transcending administrative boundaries to promote the coordinated development of cities at various scales. This approach also encourages the integration of urban and rural areas, creating a continuum from villages to towns to major cities that leverages different population sizes to facilitate innovative development and cost advantages, thereby providing space for more innovative urban development and enhanced urban competitiveness. Moreover, this approach aligns more closely with the housing and employment needs of a significant number of middle and low-income individuals, taking into account their cost of living, while further promoting infrastructure development and the provision of public services in such areas.
Dual urban regeneration represents a pathway towards advancing green and sustainable urban development, promoting an ecological civilization, and contributing to global ecological security. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and other global challenges, there is a growing demand for healthier urban living environments. According to the United Nations Human Settlements Programme’s 2022 World Cities Report, urbanization remains a prevailing trend in the 21st century, and the future of cities is intertwined with the future of humanity. Resilient development lies at the core of the urban future. Chinas urbanization process is far from complete, and it faces formidable challenges related to economic growth, living standards, and livelihoods. Dual urban regeneration addresses these challenges by strengthening economic, social, environmental, and institutional resilience in order to shape high-quality urban spaces, establish robust industrial platforms, and tap into new economic growth drivers. This approach promotes the adoption of green and low-carbon production methods, lifestyles, and urban construction and operation models. By preparing cities to withstand various future shocks, dual urban regeneration facilitates more effective strides towards sustainable development. 
Landscape design is unique in its direct engagement with the intricate relationships between humans and nature. This book serves as a documentation of View Unlimited Studio’s landscape design endeavors spanning the past two decades. Its primary focus is to delve into how, amid China’s profound economic transformation, landscape design has harnessed professional techniques for ecological restoration and urban repair, playing a pivotal role in reshaping cities, harmonizing regional development, and bolstering resilience. In doing so, landscape design unlocks its full potential and value, ultimately making significant contributions to the creation of a holistic and enduring aesthetic across both urban and rural landscapes.
In our pursuit of urban transformation, we have explored location, period, and people-specific solutions aimed at restoring the physical and mental connection between people and nature while nurturing a healthy living environment. This journey began with the Tangshan Phoenix Mountain Park Renovation in 2005, where we undertook the restoration of damaged terrain and vegetation to reinforce the identity of this historic landmark. An interweaving network was established to blur the demarcations between the city and the park, seamlessly integrating nature into the fabric of daily life. The creation of outdoor gathering spaces has cultivated a diverse range of activities, promoting a "joyful, healthy, and eco-friendly" lifestyle. This holistic approach not only alleviated stress but also promoted social harmony, effectively transforming citizens into shapers and conveyors of the city’s revitalized image. Subsequent projects, such as the Ordos 20+10 Small and Medium Enterprise Park and Beijing CITIC Jinling Hotel, continued to embrace this design philosophy. By delving deeper into the unique attributes of each site, our aim was to cultivate the perfect synergy between individuals and their surroundings, while encouraging the adoption of healthier lifestyles through the development of engaging outdoor activity spaces.
In the realm of coordinating regional development, our primary focus has revolved around the establishment of greenways and suburban park systems. This strategic approach has given rise to a continuous ecological network and landscape continuum that encompasses mountains, water bodies, forests, fields, lakes and urban areas. Such an integrated approach serves as a catalyst for the harmonization of urban and rural areas. In the Zhangzhou Suburban Park System and Environmental Revitalization Project, we systematically addressed ecological issues by considering mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, and cities as interconnected elements of a unified organism. This approach sought to preserve local culture and native landscapes and ecologies while structuring integrated urban-rural spaces, enabling cities to stimulate rural development through clustering and diffusion effects to achieve a coordinated model of urban-rural development. In the Xiamen Haicang District Greenway Project, we recognized greenways and public landscapes as essential components of green infrastructure. They played a pivotal role in preserving ecologies and curbing urban sprawl, while establishing a platform capable of integrating resources to facilitate the holistic development of the city. By addressing ecological concerns while embracing regional culture, landscape design became a catalyst for various sectors, including education, sports, tourism, and more. This approach encouraged public participation in urban development and fostering the cultivation of healthy, active lifestyles.
In our efforts to bolster environmental resilience, we have actively embraced landscape design that incorporates green infrastructure and sponge city construction through interdisciplinary collaboration. This strategy optimizes land resources and explores urban development models that prioritize high-quality growth while minimizing the consumption of natural resources. Notable examples of our work in this domain include the Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Yuelai New City Houhe Environmental Remediation Project and the Hunan Yiyang City Zishan Lake Scenic Area Urban Design Project. In these projects, landscape design assumes a central role in facilitating a unified approach to basin remediation, sponge city initiatives, ecological landscapes, municipal networks, and intelligent monitoring and surveillance systems to construct green municipal infrastructure and pioneer innovative urban development models, all while maximizing the efficient use of land resources.
The 20th Party Congress Report underscores that the principal contradiction of Chinese society lies in reconciling the increasing aspirations of its people for a better life with the existing imbalances and insufficiencies in development. The concept of dual urban regeneration promotes a more nuanced and humane model of urban development that places greater emphasis on respecting grassroots social demands and fostering opportunities for revitalization. In our endeavors, we will continue to explore effective strategies to harmonize the relationships between individuals and the environment, as well as between individuals and society. Our goal is to achieve an equilibrium between environmental protection and socio-economic development and provide solutions a valuable reference for urbanization and sustainable development on a global scale, especially for developing countries.

View Unlimited Landscape Architecture Studio, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design
October 2023

謝曉英 
1964年出生，畢業于北京林業大學，曾在荷蘭、比利時學習?，F就職于中國城市建設研究院有限公司，于2004年創立無界景觀工作室。 2001年10月受邀請，在哈佛大學設計研究生院景觀建筑系講座。
張琦 
1980年出生，畢業于中國人民大學?，F就職于中國城市建設研究院有限公司，于2004年創立無界景觀工作室。

“城市雙修”是2017年由中國住房和城鄉建設部提出的對于城市建設指導性理念。本書以15個實際案例為依托，探討了在實際城鄉大型景觀設計中，“城市雙修”理念的實施原則和方法。本書對這些案例從地域、尺度、設計手段、生態保護、經濟發展等角度進行解讀，每個案例包含設計解說、設計圖紙、實景照片等，生動地展示項目從策劃到實施，再到最后的建成的整個過程，特別展現了項目完成前后的對比，對政府規劃部門和景觀設計師都有極高的參考和研究價值。

生態修復技術應用	 001
01 鄂爾多斯20+10中小企業園區景觀設計	 002
02 北京中信金陵酒店景觀設計	 012
03 唐山鳳凰山公園改造	 024

郊野公園體系建設	 033
01 漳州郊野公園體系建設與漳州西溪濕地郊野公園景觀設計	 036
02 漳州濱江生態公園（天寶段）景觀設計	 046
03 漳州南山生態文化園景觀設計	 060
04 漳州平和縣九龍江支流（高際溪）生態環境綜合治理與環境景觀設計	 068
05 漳州市云霄縣南湖濕地生態園景觀設計	074
06 漳州市華安縣真武山公園設計	 088

綠道統籌建設	 101
01 廈門蔡尖尾山、大屏山綠道規劃設計：差異化發展的城市綠廊	 104
02 廈門中心公共空間景觀設計：慢生活CBD體驗式綠道	 114
03 廈門龜山公園綠道規劃設計：非遺民俗活動保護與傳承的活力路線	 120
04 廈門蔡嶺公園綠道規劃設計：自然探索游線	 126

綠色基礎設施規劃建設	 134
01 重慶兩江新區悅來新城后河環境綜合整治工程	 136
02 湖南益陽市梓山湖片區規劃設計	 144

后記	 154


Application of Ecological Remediation Technology	 001
01 Landscape Design of Ordos 20+10 Small and Medium Enterprise Park	 002
02 Landscape Design of Beijing CITIC Jinling Hotel	 012
03 Tangshan Phoenix Mountain Park Renovation	 024

CONSTRUCTION OF SUBURBAN PARK SYSTEMS	 033
01 Construction of the Zhangzhou Suburban Park System and Landscape Design of Zhangzhou Xixi Wetland Suburban Park	 036
02 Landscape Design of Zhangzhou Binjiang Ecological Park(Tianbao Section)	 046
03 Landscape Design of Zhangzhou Nanshan Ecological Cultural Park	 060
04 Ecological Environment Comprehensive Management and Environmental Landscape Design for Pinghe County Jiulong River Tributary (Gaoji Creek)	 068
05 Landscape Design of Yunxiao County Nanhu Wetland Ecological Park	 074
06 Landscape Design of Hua’an County Zhenwu Mountain Park	 088

Comprehensive Construction of Greenways	 101
01 Planning and Design of Xiamen Caijianwei Mountain and Daping Mountain Greenway：Differentiated Development of Urban Green Corridors	 104
02 Landscape Design of Xiamen Center Public Space Project：Experience-oriented Greenway for Slow Living in CBD	 114
03 Planning and Design of Xiamen Guishan Park Greenway：Vibrant Route for the Protection and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Activities	 120
04 Planning and Design of Xiamen Cailing Park Greenway：Nature Exploration Trail	126

Comprehensive Construction of Greenways	 134
01 Chongqing Liangjiang New area Yuelai New City Houhe Environmental Remediation	 136
02 Hunan Yiyang City Zishan Lake Scenic Area(park) Urban Design	 144

Afterword	 155